Hot-water heater.



BEST AVMLA'BLE COF PATENTED JUNE 23; 1908.

Q. IL. BENNETT. jIpT WATER HEATER. APPLIcg'TIoN FILED 11113.11. 1907:

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

rae-J to Heaer WIT ESSES WTNESSESy BEST AVMLABLE COP" PATENTED JUNE 23, 1908..

G. L.' EENNETT.

HOT WATER HI-TER.v APPLICATION nur APRA. 1907.

2 SHBETSfSHEET 2.

INVENTOR Appunti@ med April .4, ism. semi No. $86,242..

a citizen of the United States, residing at ATrenton, in the lcounty of Mercer AandState .of New Jersey,` have invented certainnew' temperature of t e .water from Athe normal flow and a. switch'controlling the electrical. circuit, whereby the volume'of the flow of' on in the'.

f stage.

Vcompanying. drawings, whichfor-1n a part -My invention relates to'hot.waterheaters .'and more particularly .neat ar'i'd'conipactA form so as to cause 'the water to pass therethroughprior rto its, dis- "'charge'from the faucet. -9 20 the volume of water being discharged from '.35

device inc osed by a heating chamber in comthat `by turningsaid handle or -knob in suc#` l cessive stages, the electrical circuit` will BEST AVNLABLE CGP* .UNT nn STATES" PATENT onirica.

GEORGE L. BENNETT, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY.

T o valli-'whom it concern." Be it'known that L'Gaonon L. BENNETT,

and vuseful, lmprovementsl in Hot -Water Heaters, of which the following is a specification, reference heinghad therein to the 4ac thereo to tliat classfl thereof adapted to Aheat flowing water; "r

The 'main object 0i` the invention is' to Aprovide a hot-water heaterfwhich may 1lie readily applied to Vordi-nary 0rservi'ce pip'es'in av reservoir temperature ytov the maximu-nif; high` temperature through the variance in.

the heater.

still'iurther object is to provide a heater embodyin therein an lelectrical resistancemunication with the house orservice ipes and with the faucet and av handleA or ob actuating both avalv controlling'the water water and the'circuit to said resistance may .be simultaneously controlled in such manner o en' during the iirst stage; closed during" e succeedlng stages and open at the last or normal stage; and the water will be caused to ow in aldiminishing volume rom.full st stage` to ulloff in the lasti .-Astillurther object is to providehn electrical heater wherein the circuitto, the re- I theA How .of water to; preveii Lette'fsatena .retenue .rune '23,ieoa

residiium .of heat within Vthe heater proper.

A still further Objectis toprovidean trical heater 'wherein the conductor and switch mechanism-will be so protected and insulated 'as to prevent the current following" the water, and' to'coiiforrn to `the ene'ral requirements' ofthe regulations ofA cilinder i writers asto electrical devices. still further object is topjrovide'a heater character "which, enr' general utility, thus'reducing thecost of 'l 0f. duction or installation while?. preserving ar. i

sin'plicity offstructuiv'e.

he Vinvention consist's' i'I combinaammthtwatef fautiecndga aiya 1 therefor, of aheater, acasing formi faiclian--jv ,neladj acent thereto through whih t e water" flows to said valve,l a house -oi' service pi ,l

discharging into saidcasing, means where' yf said heater may be made operative or vhiep# .erative as desired, and connectionsbetween .said means and'said valve wheeby'thevoh' urne of water passingthrough'sai char/mel willjbe diminished when' 'said heater-.j isopl' construction and 1combination of parts aslarlhereinafter 'set forth and described' and moine particularly pointedou-t in. the claimsherew; -ap ended. v,

ferring to the drawings: a. l l A Iver-tical section through a-hot water'heater embodying therein the referred'ormof rny' inventiom. Fig. 2 is' a p an view .ofthe elecf' trical switch with thecap removed; Fig',

is an elevation, fied `form of the inyentionshowing its Pkglf `cation to adiierent type of fitting; andj '4, is a plan view of the faucet'A handle.

artly in section ofva modi-f. j

I Like letters refer to' like parte throughout the several views.

In the embodiment of myinvention shown in the accompanymg drawings, therearece'rp'. *.100

tain features common to both forms ofthe invention, the structural diierences being; -l

merely such-as to adapt :the invention to di Myinvention, broadly, contemplates a dischar e faucet a commulnicatin4 with the'outa let o Aa valve casing b and aj eating charnber within a' cylinder c, in4 communication with said casing b. The said .cylinder c has sista'ncewillbe cut off slightlyjn advance oi .end plugs d, e, throughwhi'ch respectivelyv V are suitable openings d", e', to :permit the water., to flow to and from saichamber. The opening e', is in communication with the .ordina house or service \i es as so as to cause the water to be supplied to said chamber under ordinary reservoir pressurel h .are such as'to leave a small space between it and the cylinder c,- so as to permit the f water to pass in a more or less thin film over said jacket and to bring but a small quantity thereof within the influence of the resistance contained Within-.said jacket.- To increase the duration of the period to which the water' passing through the cylinder is subjected to the heat, I preferably arrange a spiral artition i, Within the space between the cy inder andthe jacket'thus vforcing all water to pass around the jacket in a spiral course.

The terminals of the electrical resistance device are passed through the plugs h and d; and the openings in said plugs are so @allied or lu'gged as to makethe cylinder'and the jac et water tight.

The iiow of Water thro ugh the heating chamber is controlled by a valve, the,construction of which may vary as desired 5 but to eruit the water flowing from the faucet .to e discharged at dierent temperatures,

I provide an electrical switch arranged in the circuitto the resistance which is controlled through the valve actuating means, thus controlling simultaneously the flow* of the waterhand that of the electrical current.

The detailed arrangement vof the valve controllingr means relative to the electrical switch will vary with the style of valve, or

the `style of switch; but the general arrange' ment will be such that the circuit will be broken at all times save that interval between the attainment of the full head of Water and the complete cut oil of the flow, thus permitting the regulation of the temperature of the Water by the variation in the velocity of the flow of water through the heating chamber, or in the volume of -water discharged therefrom.

In thc form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive I have shown an ordinary valve casing b, having a conical seat. Mounted in this seat is a conical plug j, having an axial opening j, therein, and two discharge ports jg, and j, dianietrically opposite to each other, each of which approximates 90 degrees in width. The plug j, is packed above and below said port in any desired manner, and is hold in plan-.v by a spring y, scat-ed between it and tho gland ji.

A bracket li', having a circular support l." is

carried by the Water fixture in a position fixed relative tothe casing b. `Said support encircles the valve stemm, Which is located substantially centrally, thereof. On the valve stem m is fitted a c'up m extending into close pixtaposition to the support lc. The support carries yapacking ring lf2, of felt or other vdesired material extending into engagement with the cup'm',` so asy to make thespace within said support water tight. The stem m, has secured thereto a cap or casing m2 entirely inclosing the bracket k. and support 1, and engaging the packing k2, so as to prevent; the ventrance of water about said supL wirt. 4 -Y l) Owin to the resence ofthe bracket k, the pac 'ng rin 2, cannot be continuous so that to avoi t e'entrance of' Water @bout this bracket it is desirable to channel 1t and insert felt blocks k3 therein so as to en age the cup 11i/,and the handle cap m2. l Sai cap serves as a handle by means ofiwhich valve stem is turned. 2

vThe support k, has four upwardly projected stops as k7" 90 :degrees apart, on the inn-er edge thereo ,and also a circular block c, of mican'ite, vulcanite or other'insulating material, carrying fourrelectrical contacts 1:5, also 90 degreesapart2 thosediametrically oppositeeach other-being on the' same horizontal planebuton` ai different plane from the remaining contacten The istem m has a Worm thereon, on which is seated a collar m3, carrying the arms m4, 180 degrees apart, which arms are adapted to engage the stops k". Encircling the stem m, and secured to said collar,v is a combined torsion and expansion spring m", 'adapted to normally force said armsdownwardinto en-'- gagement'with` said stops and to impart simultaneously a rapid rotary and a downward mover'ne t thereof, when said arms are raised suflicien'tly todisengagesai stops.

The collar ina, also carries a pl rality of electrical contacts m5 dis osed on* different planes and adapted to bridge the space between the contactc, inthe 'usualand well known manner.

The contacts are so positioned relative to the plus; that the circuit will be lclosed substantially simultaneously with the full opening of the cock and willbe opened just prior to the. full closing thereof, thus permitting such a flow' of Water in the heater after the current is oil, as to -preventf'the heating 'of water at times when no water is being drawn 1ov possesses the essential characteristics of the as,l of t c fitting 'carried through the opening j',

fo?, whic f ficationbemimmaterial not be descri tion already f when thereof engaging t BEST AVA neat fthe basin slab or other device in con- 'nection with which the heateris employed.

This-switch which I'have designated as o,

switch heretofore described, itsl casing being,

'howevenan ordinaryT switch housing. The

operating stein of this switchcarries a gear his in a mesh'with a pinion ozfcarried byjthesteni m, the diameter of which is one half of .that of the, gear o. The construction and operation of the valve shown in this modito the invention will edin detail beyond the descrip-` iven, it being merely essential that it'requires a full half turn 0fY the Stem.- t0 diated at p. In both forms ofthe 'invention I provide an Y lace aduations u on some art p gr by the valive' stem, iiidicating the point of cutoff,- and stop points where the flow ofwater will be such in volume as to have .its -tempera ture at 'a' predeter.

minedpoint.- Y y Theoperation of thei referred form ofthe invention is substantia y as follows: Under normalconditions. water4 from the 4service pipes j; will bedischar ed into the cylindrical casing c," untilt e latter is filled. this couditin exists the contacts m5, on the u per plane and those on the lower vplane wil be respectivel above and below the contacts 7:5, thus breaking the electrical circuitf If it beldesired to secure cold water only, the `handle cap mi, isturned to the left for any part of the first 90 degrees, to secure up to the full volume of ow of water, which will be from `the service pipe f, through the chamber in the casing c, to the outlet thereof, and one opening jz, of'the -valve plug j, and to the faucet a. This movement causes the worm on the stem m, to 'raise the .collar m3,.unt il the ends a point where ey barely engage said stops, thus7 failing to close the'circuit at this interval. Instantly, however, upon any movement 'in excess ofthis 90 dev ees' thesaid rr arms m, are released and ily through the action of -f the ng m, into engagement with the next stops 767, cansino' the' arms mi to engage those contacts'lc on'tie same planes with cachother. This closes the electrical circuitand energizes the resistance g, generating sufficient heat to raise the temper-Uzle of the waterpassing about theicasing h, and between it and the cylindricalcasing c. y SubfLAsLE coe* modification I also employ `anordinary handle to arrange an' ordinary electrical switch be 'the velocity o the flow sequent movement of the handlehf, through any'part of the next 90 degrees will gradually diminish the volume or'velocity of the ow of water through the heater, thus retarding its passage therethrough :in a manner to increase the duration of the period-to w which a is subjected to the hear radiated' 5;

from the resistance g, p' and proportionately' raising its tem erature.

of water or the 'volpassing through heater time the temperature may or lowered to the desired extent.

urne of the water within a given be raised Thus by controlling.: f

When the valve stem has"been .turned Sub.-

4st antially 180 degrees the v as heretofore described and cause the contacts 'mi-k2 to disengage each other thus again breaking the circuit 'and denergizing the resistance `g. Owing to the possi ility of the excessive heating of the waterwithin thecylinder c, through the circuit being closed when the flow of ceased, I so? setY` said` plug contacts. m5, that saidgcontacts causing the electrical circuit slightly before. the Water.v 'water lalready heated to pass t the stops k7, are raised to heater after the circuit has been again o cned, and avoids the imprisonment of heate Water in said heater. In this form ofthe invention the diametricall o posite ports jf kin the plug y', causesaidiva ve to be operatedtwico during eachrotationthereof, thus it into conformity with the Ausual.'andwell arms -m, operate Water vhas entirely: '3^ j, relative to the v will be operated slightly in*advance` of the plug thus t0 be cut off ermite the.

ough the known practice in the construction of elecj trical switches. The construction of the switch and the operative mechanism heretofore described is intended to exclude water from the switch mechanism and its operation. being apparent a description thereof will not be further entered into` l The spiral or helical partitioni, serves merely to form 1a more extended course for the water passing through the casing c, thus tendin to minimize the space required for the heater.-

If desired the heater h, and casing c, may be .y increased in lengthsufiiciently to bring the water into contact with the former fora suf cient interval to bring it to the desired teinperature. Y

4 and 5 differs from that of the'preferred form merely in' those respects occasioned lby the variance inonstruiction of the valve p,

movement of the handle n, for any part of;

The operation of the modification in and the resultantchange in the means actu- .1 desiredtem cinture, ranging from cold toessi.' Amici-BLE coP`- gl; A 891,455

the following ISQ degrees will gradually df niinishthe volume or velocity ot' the flow of water and'will turn the switch stein but 90' degrees, or a fraction thereof', causing the circuit to be closed during this interval and to open just rior to the total cut oii' of the water, ,as escribed in connection with the preferred form of the invention.

Theessen'tial characteristics of the invention are the regulation of the temperature of water through the control oithevelocity of vthe how, or the volume of water passing through a heater giving forth a substantially ,uniform number of heat units, andthe ac substantially simultaneously with the initial tuatin of vtheelectrical switch mechanism operation 'of the mechanism diminishing such velocity'or volume. I By this construction, I provide a heaterl wherein water may be roughtsubstantially instantaneously .to the very hot.fg his attachment avoids the vlabor and expense'vof the double'pipe througha building, :andtheinconvenience due to the sof limited capacity of the ordinary `vater back and boiler. f

It-is not my intention to limit the invention vto the: precise details of construction heretofore described,'it being apparent that such may. be varied without departing -from i the spirit and scope of the invention.

[Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by 1. In a hot water heater', the combination with a water faucet and a valve therefor, of a heater, a casing forming a `channel adjacent thereto through wh ich the water flows to said valve, a house or service pi e discharging -into said casing, means where y said heater may be made operative or inoperative as desired, and connections between said means and said valve whereby the volume of water .flowing throughsaid chamber may be di? minished while said heater iso perative.

2. ln a hotwater heater, the combination with a waterfaucet and a valve therefor, of an electrical heater, a casing forming a channel adjacent thereto through which the water f lows to said valve, a house or service pipe discharging into said casingg: an electrical switch arranged in the circuit to said heater, and connections between said switch in a hot water heater, the combination with a water faucet and a valve therefor, oi an. electrical heater, a casing forming a channel adjacent thereto through which the water hows to said valve, av house or service pipe dischargh'ig into said casing, an elec- V trical switch the contacts owhich are ada ptied to alte-mately open and close the circuit with successive movements of. degrees,A arranged in the circuit to said heater,L and connections betweenlsaid valve and-1sa1d switch whereby cold water may be dra en from said casingup to substantially the full volume or velocity of the flow of water while` said switch is oipen, and a varying quantity of water at dit e'rent tem eraturesrnay.. drawn from said casing wliile said switchlis closed. i Q

5. .In a hot water heater, :the combinati with a water faucet and a valve (therefor, of an elongated electrical. resistance `deviceg ,ai Jacket therefor, a' casing surroundingsaid.

jacket forming-a channel within about said jacket, and communicating Wit said valve, a house or service pipe ing into said casing, a spiral artition ex- 1 tending upwardly between sai said casing, and means actuated t rough `the 'acketfand movement of said valve controlling the cir-'1 cuit to said resistance device. i 6. In a hot water heater, the combination .with a water faucet and a-valve therefor, Aof

an elongated electrical resistance. device, a jacket therefor, a casing surroundingfsaid jacket forming 'a channel within said casing about said jacket, and communicating with said valve, a house or service pi e discharging into said casing, an electrica switch the contacts of which are adapted to alternately openand closet-he circuit to said resistance device with successive movements of 9() degrecs, and connections between said' valve and said switch whereby cold water may be dravv'n from said casing lup to substantially the full volume or velocity ofthe flow ofwater, while said switch is open, and a varying quantity of water at differing temperatures may bc drawn from said casing while said switch is closed. g

7. ln a. hot waterl'ieatcr, ,the combination with a water faucet and a valve therefor, of an elongated electrical resistance device, a jacketv therefor, a casing surrounding said jacket and forming a channel about said `acket 'communicating with said valve, a house or service'pi 'e discharging into said casing, anelectrica switch, the contacts-of which are adapted to alternately openand close the circuit to said resistance device'with successive movements of 90 degrees, and con- 'L nections between said valve and said switch whereby cold water rnav be drawn rom said casing up to substantial?v the full volume or .l water While saidvelocity of 'the flow o sv. ith .is open and a varying quantity of wa- Vmechanism.4 A 9.1m, hot'water heaterfthe combination BEST AvAxLAeLE COP# ter at diierin'g tem 'ersrtur'es may be drawn rnrsaid-.casing w ile said switch isv open, and seid valve, said ecnacts and said switch being fso set, that said ,circuit wilLbe .Qpener'l prior to the closing-of Said valve'.

8,; In a hot water heater, the combiriatin with e, Water fauceand a valvetvherefor, of an electricl heater,"a casing formin a chan;

nel adj ace'rit therete' through-` ,whicht e wat-er ows' to ,said valve', v e f hu'se. 'jor/ service pipeV dischargin intms'airlicasirig'a support-adjecent te sai -faueebf'ari' electrical switch mech#l anism 'supported thereby, ast-em common bo said-fvalve and s'aid switch mechirnism, and a' cap Secured te smdstem and mclcsing said with :L wiitcr A1"mcei 'and a. valve,` therefQr,-0f an cicatrici!! heater, @-casmgkformmg a chunneiadjacenhthcrct o through which the'rvetcr Hows 1,0 said valve, :ihouse 0r service pipe discharging inw said casing, 'semi-circuiar supportadjacentfto said faucet, an 'eic cvt-ricai switch mechanism supported thereby,

a stein common tosaid valve and sii-id switch Y mechanism, :L cup carried' hy Said stern with- 'in said support, a cap .sccurcrlio' said stem inclosingsaid mechanism' und said support, and pac ing between Suid euppor't and-,said cup, and said ca whereby Water is excluded from said switc rricchanisrrhl In witness whereof, I have hereunto affiliel A 

